Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research

Perioperative anaphylaxis (POA) is a severe complication with a low incidence and diverse risk factors. Its low incidence makes a detailed survey of POA challenging. Recent large-scale surveys in Japan have focused on identifying the causative agents using the basophil activation test. Only facilities, such as university hospitals, that can dispatch samples for this test participate, which may introduce bias. We surveyed the incidence of POA primarily in secondary hospitals, such as the Saiseika...

Background/ aimMass vaccination seems to be the most effective way to turn back to the pre-pandemic period and end the pandemic. Unfortunately, COVID-19 vaccines have some side effects. In phase studies of currently-approved COVID-19 vaccines, patients with a known allergy or a history of anaphylaxis were excluded from the studies. This situation creates doubts about the course of atopy and the presence of allergic disease related to the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with allergi...

A substantial number of patients with newly onset of chronic urticaria was observed rapidly after the booster vaccine against COVID-19. This observation was unprecedented compared to the primary series of vaccination. To address this concern, we initiated an online observational study with the help of local allergists. We found a striking association between the booster dose, the Moderna vaccine, and the new onset of chronic urticaria within the following 10 days. These data were confirmed when ...

Much of the current literature on the adverse effects occurring after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination focused on serious adverse events (AEs). Consequently, the non-serious AEs have yet to be comprehensively elucidated. This study aims to investigate the incidence rate and risk of non-serious AEs including gynecological, hematological, dermatological, ophthalmological, otologic, and dental problems following the COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a population-based cohort stu...

The accumulated numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths per capita are important characteristics of the pandemic dynamics that may also indicate the effectiveness of quarantine, testing, vaccination, and treatment. The statistical analysis based on the number of cases per capita accumulated to the end of June 2021 showed no correlations with the volume of population, its density, and the urbanization level both in European countries and regions of Ukraine. The same result was obtained with the use ...

Approved COVID-19 vaccines to date have limited effectiveness in protecting infection and blocking transmission. A nasal spray of broad-spectrum antibody against COVID-19 (SA58 Nasal Spray) has recently been developed by Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd.. From October 31 to November 30, 2022, an open-label, blank controlled study on the SA58 Nasal Spray against COVID-19 infection was conducted with the medical personnel working in the designated COVID-19 hospitals and Fangcang shelter hospitals (a...

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT), by its nature, imparts a high dose of ionising radiation to patients being imaged. Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are used extensively in research but are also used in practice to establish if local imaging protocols have been optimised. AimTo audit effective dose (ED) at CT for four commonly performed examinations performed with a modern multidectector 64 slice CT (MDCT) system at large tertiary care centre by comparison with current international refere...

In this work we are going to use estimates of Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) for Covid-19 in order to predict the evolution of Covid-19 in Brazil. To this aim, we are going to fit the parameters of the SIR model using the official deceased data available by governmental agencies. Furthermore, we are going to analyse the impact of social distancing policies on the transmission parameters.

ObjectivePhantom experiments are widely used for standardisation in positron emission tomography (PET), but current practices to do not necessarily reflect clinical reality and require meticulous phantom preparation for repeatability. 3D printing can reduce these limitations by optimizing preparatory methods and improving phantom features. This work proposes employing 3D-printed porous grids as an alternative mechanism to emulate targets with contrast. ApproachAcrylonitrile butadiene styrene (A...

BackgroundmRNA vaccines are a novel method of eliciting immunity, and play a significant role in the global fight against COVID-19. Anaphylactic reactions are a widespread concern driving vaccine hesitancy due to the serious and potentially fatal nature of anaphylaxis. A quantitative estimation of the risk of anaphylactic and ana-phylactoid reactions deriving from mRNA vaccines is of a significant public health importance. ObjectiveTo estimate the relative Reporting Odds Ratio of anaphylactic a...

BackgroundLarge-scale CT-based reference standards for abdominal organ volume, incorporating age, sex, and body size, are limited. PurposeTo establish sex- and age-specific reference distributions for major abdominal organ volumes on non-contrast abdominopelvic CT in a nationwide Japanese cohort to provide a foundation for automated clinical assessment and dose optimization. Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective, multicenter study, using the Japan Medical Image Database, we identified all...

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition that results from reduced oxygen supply and blood flow to the brain, leading to brain injury and potential long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. This study aimed to identify the maternal and neonatal factors that are associated with HIE among newborns in Ethiopia. An unmatched-control study was conducted in fifteen public hospitals in Southern Nation Nationalities and the Peoples Regional State of Ethiopia. Data were collected from...

BackgroundThe lifetime prevalence of anaphylaxis from all triggers is estimated to range from 0.05 % to 2.6 %. Data on anaphylaxis in the Latin American region and Colombia are scant. ObjectiveEstimate the prevalence, incidence and mortality for anaphylaxis in Colombia. MethodsRecords with diagnosis of anaphylaxis (ICD-10 code T78.0-T78.2) of Information System of Social Protection (SISPRO) between 2010 and 2015 were included. To determine the prevalence, incidence and mortality for anaphylaxi...

BackgroundThree-dimensional printing has been used to build cost effective & realistic phantoms but their adaptability across facilities remains under-explored. Validation of standardization protocols and quantitative metrics of positron emission tomography (PET) to printed phantoms has been sparse. This study aims to evaluate the digital transferability of a multi-contrast phantom design and the quantitative consistency of metrics across two independent facilities, as a foundational step toward...

BackgroundAutomated organ segmentation in computed tomography (CT) is a vital component in many artificial intelligence-based tools in medical imaging. This study presents a new organ segmentation tool called Organ Finder 2.0. In contrast to most existing methods, Organ Finder was trained and evaluated on a rich multi-origin dataset with both contrast and non-contrast studies from different vendors and patient populations. ApproachA total of 1,171 CT studies from seven different publicly availa...

Rectal temperature measurement (RTM) from crime scenes is an important parameter for temperature-based time of death estimation (TDE). Various influential variables exist in TDE methods like the uncertainty in thermal and environmental parameters. Although RTM depends in particular on the location of measurement position, this relationship has never been investigated separately. The presented study fills this gap using Finite Element (FE) simulations of body cooling. A manually meshed coarse hum...

IntroductionPhantoms are elements used in radiological services for quality control tests. In the case of equipment with ionizing radiation, quality control tests focus on image quality and dosimetry. These phantoms are made with materials that resemble human tissues internally but are high-cost and difficult to access for radiology services. ObjectivesTo design a methodology for creating an anthropomorphic radiology phantom with materials correlating to human tissues of the pelvis for various ...

ObjectiveWhen high X-ray absorption rate materials such as metal prosthetics are in the field of CT scan, noise called metal artifacts might appear. In reconstructing a three-dimensional bone model from X-ray CT images, the metal artifacts remain. Often, the image of the scanning bed also remains. A machine learning-based system to reduce noises in the craniofacial CT images was constructed. MethodsDICOM images of CT archives of patients with head and neck tumors were used. The metal artifacts ...

The study sought to investigate how the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 have evolved in the most recent three months across the world, and what insights the trends may provide about the second half of the pandemics first year using a situation analysis approach based on national income, temperature, trade intensity with China, and location defined by longitude and latitude. The study confirmed the negative relationship between COVID-19 cases and temperature. It contributed to the resolutio...

What is known and objectiveRacial differences in adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines have not been sufficiently studied. Here, we aimed to study the adverse events of Modernas intramuscular COVID-19 vaccine in young Japanese people. MethodsA case-control study was conducted using a questionnaire survey. Risk factors were determined using a multivariable logistic regression model. We also compared the occurrence of systemic adverse events in three pairs (minor and adult; male and female; ...